Results of Monitoring and Guidance Based on the Imported Foods. Table 3 Items Subject to Enhanced Monitoring *1 in FY 2008 (as of March 31. Oregon’s Pesticide Water Quality Monitoring and Management Program. Waste Pesticide Collection: Oregon PSP. Pesticide Monitoring Program 2. Also available in PDF (7. KB). FDA Monitoring Program. Tables. Import Commodities That May Warrant Special Attention Based on FY 2. Sampling Results. Countries of Origin That May Warrant Special Attention Based on FY 2. Sampling Results Regulatory Monitoring Discussion. Geographic Coverage. Domestic/Import Violation Rate Comparison. Pesticide Coverage. Animal Feeds. Focused Sampling. Appendices. Analysis of Domestic Samples by Commodity Group in 2. Analysis of Import Samples by Commodity Group in 2. Figures. Summary of 2. Results of Domestic Samples by Commodity. Summary of 2. 00. Results of Import Samples by Commodity. Summary of 2. 00. Results of Domestic vs. Import Samples. Tables. Domestic Samples Collected and Analyzed, by State, in 2. Foreign Countries and Number of Samples Collected and Analyzed in 2. Table 2. A shows countries with Fewer Than Ten Samples)Pesticides Detectable and Found (*) by Methods Used in 2. Regulatory Monitoring. Summary of the 1. Domestic Surveillance and 9. Import Samples of Animal Feed That Were Analyzed for Pesticides by FDA in Fiscal Year 2. Summary of the Pesticides in the 5. Domestic Surveillance and 1. Import Samples of Animal Feed Analyzed by FDA in FY 2. That Contained One or More Detectable Residues. Frequency of Occurrence of Pesticide Residues in the Total Diet Study for Foods Other Than Infant and Toddler Foods in FY 2. Frequency of Occurrence of Pesticide Residues in Total Diet Study Infant and Toddler Foods in FY 2. This document is the twentieth report summarizing the results of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) pesticide residue monitoring program. Eight of the nineteen previous reports were published in the Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists/Journal of AOAC International; these presented results from Fiscal Years (FY) 1. Results from FY 1. FY 2. 00. 7 are published on FDA's Internet site at http: //www. Food/Food. Safety/Food. Contaminants. Adulteration/Pesticides/Residue. Monitoring. Reports/default. In the early 1. 99. FDA conducted comprehensive incidence and level monitoring studies of four major foods and published the results. Due to resource constraints, incidence and level monitoring for pesticide residues conducted by FDA’s field laboratories, which was typically non- regulatory in nature, has been replaced in recent years by regulatory based “focused sampling.” Incidence and level pesticide residue data are, however, provided by FDA’s Total Diet Study program. The TDS program analyzes market baskets of about 3. Results in this and earlier reports continue to demonstrate that levels of pesticide residues in the U. S. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registers (i. Except for meat, poultry, and certain egg products for which the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is responsible, FDA is charged with enforcing tolerances in both imported foods and in domestic foods shipped in interstate commerce. FDA also acquires data on particular commodity and pesticide combinations by carrying out market basket surveys under the Total Diet Study. Since 1. 99. 1, USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) has carried out a pesticide residue testing program, called the Pesticide Data Program (PDP), directed at raw agricultural products and various processed foods through contracts with states to perform the sampling and analyses. FSIS and AMS report their pesticide residue data independently. Information about the PDP is available at http: //www. FDA samples individual lots of domestically produced and imported foods and analyzes them for pesticide residues to enforce the tolerances established by EPA. In 2008, the Idaho State Department of Agriculture. The information will be used to make. Emphasis is on the raw agricultural product, which is typically analyzed as the unwashed, whole (unpeeled), raw commodity. Processed foods are also included. If illegal residues are found at a level above an EPA tolerance or FDA enforcement level, or measurable levels of residues for which EPA has established no tolerance for a given food are found in domestic foods, the lot of food, as available, will be removed from commerce. FDA can also issue Warning Letters to the responsible growers and invoke other sanctions, such as a seizure or injunction, to correct the cause of the violation. For imports, shipments with illegal residues are refused entry into U. S. Congress has authorized FDA to refuse admission of regulated articles based on information, other than the results of a direct examination of an entry, that causes an article to appear to violate the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act (FD& C Act). Entries of imported foods suspected of containing illegal pesticide residues from previous examination meet the criteria. FDA’s Import Alerts, available at http: //www. For. Industry/Import. Program/Import. Alerts/default. DWPEs for pesticide residues and other food issues. There are currently four Import Alerts that address food products that are under DWPE for pesticides: Import Alert # 9. Detention Without Physical Examination of Raw Agricultural Products for Pesticides”Import Alert # 9. Detention Without Physical Examination of Processed Foods for Pesticides”Import Alert # 9. Countrywide Detention Without Physical Examination of Raw Agricultural Products for Pesticides”Import Alert # 9. Countrywide Detention Without Physical Examination of Processed Products for Pesticides” Growers, manufacturers, and shippers can have their product(s) removed from FDA DWPE by providing evidence establishing that the conditions that gave rise to the appearance of a violation have been resolved and that there is sufficient basis for the Agency to have confidence that future entries will be in compliance of the FD& C Act. A minimum of five consecutive non- violative commercial shipments, as demonstrated by providing FDA with acceptable reports of private lab analyses, can remove a grower’s, manufacturer’s, or shipper’s product from DWPE. These multi- residue methods (MRMs) can determine about half of the approximately 4. EPA tolerances, and many others that have no tolerances. The most commonly used MRMs can also detect many metabolites, impurities, and alteration products of pesticides. Single residue methods (SRMs) or selective MRMs are used to determine some pesticide residues in foods. An SRM usually determines one pesticide; a selective MRM measures a relatively small number of chemically related pesticides. SRMs and selective MRMs are more resource . A suspicion of a violation or a need to acquire residue data in select commodities will usually trigger use of these methods. The lower limit of residue measurement in FDA's determination of a specific pesticide is usually well below tolerance levels. Tolerance levels generally range from 0. Residues present at 0. Trace levels of pesticide residues are also reported. This research includes testing the behavior of new or previously untested pesticides through existing analytical methods, as well as development of new methods to improve efficiencies and detection capabilities. In recent years, newer extraction procedures and detection techniques have increasingly replaced older methods, and are allowing for a greater level of pesticide coverage. As a result, the number of pesticides recorded in Table 3 in the yearly report as detectable in any single year will vary. Table 3 reflects the residues: (1) for which FDA has performed appropriate method validation to confirm the residue is adequately recovered in a variety of foods; or (2) that were detected in an FDA sample that year, but for which their recoveries may not have been appropriately validated. The latter can occur when unusual residue responses are detected and identified. Regarding criterion (2), a residue detected one year does not re- appear in Table 3 in succeeding years unless it is detected again, or the appropriate validation has subsequently been performed. The recovery of such pesticides is not assumed across a variety of foods until validated. FDA field offices interact with their counterparts in many states to enhance the effectiveness of the Agency’s pesticide monitoring program. Memoranda of Understanding and Partnership Agreements have been established between FDA and many state agencies. These agreements provide for more efficient residue monitoring by both parties by coordinating efforts, broadening coverage, and eliminating duplication of effort. There are agreements for data sharing, joint planning, and state collection of samples for FDA examination. FDA and some states also share responsibilites for collection, analysis, and enforcement follow- up for individual commodities or products of particular origin (i. FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) directs this portion of the Agency's monitoring via its Feed Contaminants Compliance Program. Although animal feeds containing violative pesticide residues may present a potential hazard to a number of different categories of animals (e. CVM's monitoring focuses on feeds for livestock and poultry - animals that ultimately become or produce foods for human consumption. FDA pesticide residue monitoring activities are a part of the Agency’s overall food safety programs. FDA, as a part of the U. S. Government, is subject to the obligations placed on countries by the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement). Pesticide residue tolerances and monitoring activities are included as sanitary measures under the SPS Agreement. FDA’s obligations under this Agreement include the requirement that standards are based on an assessment appropriate to the circumstances of the risk to human and animal health, and on international standards except when a more stringent standard can be scientifically supported. The standards must also be applied equally to domestic and imported products unless there is scientifically based justification for doing otherwise. Similarly, FDA, as part of the U.
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